![]() ![]() Some hagiographic legends state that his father was a king named Suddhodana, his mother was Queen Maya. He was born in Lumbini, present-day Nepal and grew up in Kapilavastu, a town in the Ganges Plain, near the modern Nepal–India border, and he spent his life in what is now modern Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Įarly texts have the Buddha's family name as "Gautama" (Pali: Gotama), while some texts give Siddhartha as his surname. ![]() His social background and life details are difficult to prove, and the precise dates are uncertain, although the 5th century BCE seems to be the best estimate. ĭetails of the Buddha's life are mentioned in many Early Buddhist Texts but are inconsistent. Historically, until the early 2nd millennium, Buddhism was widely practiced in the Indian subcontinent it also had a foothold to some extent elsewhere in Asia, namely Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayāna teachings of eighth-century India, is practised in the Himalayan states as well as in Mongolia and Russian Kalmykia. 'Indestructible Vehicle'), a body of teachings attributed to Indian adepts, may be viewed as a separate branch or tradition within Mahāyāna. The Mahāyāna branch-which includes the traditions of Zen, Pure Land, Nichiren, Tiantai, Tendai, and Shingon-is predominantly practised in Nepal, Bhutan, China, Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan. The Theravāda branch has a widespread following in Sri Lanka as well as in Southeast Asia, namely Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. The Buddhist canon is vast, with many different textual collections in different languages (such as Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, and Chinese). 'extinguishing') as a means of transcending the individual self and ending the cycle of death and rebirth ( saṃsāra), while the Mahayana tradition emphasizes the Bodhisattva-ideal, in which one works for the liberation of all beings. The Theravada tradition emphasizes the attainment of nirvāṇa ( lit. 'School of the Elders') and Mahāyāna ( lit. Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravāda ( lit. īuddhist schools vary in their interpretation of the paths to liberation ( mārga) as well as the relative importance and "canonicity" assigned to various Buddhist texts, and their specific teachings and practices. ![]() ![]() Other widely observed practices include: monasticism " taking refuge" in the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the dharma, and the saṅgha and the cultivation of perfections ( pāramitā). A summary of this path is expressed in the Noble Eightfold Path, a cultivation of the mind which is said to lead to awakening and full liberation through observance of Buddhist ethics and meditation. He endorsed the Middle Way, a path of development that avoids both extreme asceticism and hedonism. The Buddha's central teachings emphasize the aim of attaining liberation from dukkha (often translated as "suffering" or "unease" ), the source of which is said to be attachment or clinging. It is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 520 million followers ( Buddhists) who comprise seven percent of the global population. It originated in the eastern Gangetic plain as a śramaṇa–movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia via the Silk Road. "doctrines and disciplines"), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. Buddhism ( / ˈ b ʊ d ɪ z əm/ BUUD-ih-zəm, US also / ˈ b uː d-/ BOOD-), also known as Buddha Dharma, and Dharmavinaya ( transl. ![]()
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